Examples in “The Brutal Business of Boxing”

â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing† written by author John Head, uses all three forms of examples: the extended example, the sentence length example, and the single example. The extended example lies in the form of the entire essay. The entire essay is a description of one person is specific, where physical and personality characteristics are developed paragraph by paragraph. Due to the fact that the descriptions are centered on one person, this is an extended example.However, sentence length examples are included in every paragraph. Every paragraph in the essay is quite short and centers on providing information around the central topic of the essay, Muhammad Ali. The author uses single examples most often in the essay. Some examples of this are: â€Å"confident, articulate, charismatic† (par. 2); â€Å"lightning quick jabs† (par. 4); and â€Å"slow shuffle† (par. 6). These single examples highlight the character traits that the author would like the rea der to envision.â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing† uses all three types of examples throughout the essay to develop it. The entire essay is an extended example; each paragraph contains sentence level examples, and each sentence contains colorful single examples. The essay is a wonderful and multi leveled model of an example essay. Reference Head, John. â€Å"The Brutal Business of Boxing. † Found in Wordsmith:A Guide to Writing. 3rd ed. by Pamela Arlov. Prentice Hall: NJ. 2006. p. 589-90.

Irres

In the story of Apollo and Daphne, Apollo mocks the god Cupid, underestimating love's power. Cupid's scorn is returned, and Apollo is shot with one of the love-god's arrows, finding himself completely obsessed with Daphne, who by Cupid's power then spurns all Of his advances. His unrequited love makes his desire for her that much stronger, to the point that he cannot stop pursuing her, and that pursuit only makes her further disgusted with him, pushing her to flee more strongly.Even after Daphne father Penne's transforms her into a tree in an effort to preserve her chastity, Apollo â€Å"[loved] her still† (1082) and adorned himself with bits of her new body. Even without any trace of her once beautiful body left, his crazed desire did not end, and in her new body, he saw what he wanted to see: her agreement and acceptance of him, when she â€Å"shook her branches and seemed to nod her summit in assent† (1082). Several books later, Ovid presents the stories of the love of Pygmalion and his descendents.Though Familial rejected love of women because of the â€Å"lives of sordid indecency' and â€Å"numerous defects of character' (1 1 04), he was unprepared for the necessity of love. Lacking this love, when he created his ivory statue, he â€Å"gazed in amazement, burning with love for what was in likeness a body' (1 104). After his statue was transformed by Venus into a woman, his family line continued, and his great granddaughter, Myrrh, would again demonstrate the irresistible nature of love.This time it would not be Cupid, but the Furies that would doom the characters, as Myrrh found herself tragically lusting after her father, Cinemas. Despite knowing that her culture condemned such a relationship, her struggle against this perversion was unsuccessful and she found herself so infatuated with her ether that she finally came to the point where â€Å"she had decided to die if she could not possess him,† (1108) and attempts suicide.Her nur se stops her from taking her own life, and after persuasion, aids in bringing Myrrh and Cinemas together while the father was in a drunken state. After her incest was discovered, she was forced to flee. Her desire was undeterred even then and in her sorrow and fear of retribution, she begged to be released from her struggle and like Daphne, was transformed into a tree. The tale of Venus and Adonis, however tragic, is perhaps the most beautiful f these three, as it explores the power of love to change even a goddess.After being struck accidentally by Cupid's arrow, Venus falls completely in love with Myrrh's son, Adonis. Just as with a human, the goddess is so swept away by her emotions that everything other than him becomes completely meaningless. Even her old lifestyle changes completely for her lover, as she ignores â€Å"her former mode of unstressed self-indulgence†¦ Now she goes roaming with him through woods and up mountains and over the scrubby rocks† (11 1 1). Ev en Venus, the goddess of love herself, is still subject to love's rower.When Adonis ultimately dies, she transforms what remains of his blood into a simple flower -? so unlike his original, virile form: for eternity rebooking and perishing, that she may forever mourn him. Although the situations presented are fanciful, their fundamental truths remain. Love is necessary to survival and because it's so irresistible, it is incredibly powerful – powerful enough to drive gods to madness and mortals to suicide. Though we may underestimate it, all can be subject to love's power, and all life and death are driven by it.

Monopoly †micro Economics Essay

Monopoly is a market structure in which there is a single seller, there are no close substitutes for the commodity it produces and there are barriers to entry in same industry. Characteristics of Monopoly †¢Single Seller: There is only one seller; he can control either price or supply of his product. But he cannot control demand for the product, as there are many buyers. †¢No close Substitutes: there are any close substitutes for the product. The buyers have no alternatives or choice. Either they have to buy the product or go without it. †¢Price: The monopolist has control over the supply so as to increase the price. Sometimes he may adopt price discrimination. He may fix different prices for different sets of consumers. A monopolist can either fix the price or quantity of output; but he cannot do both, at the same time. †¢No Entry: there is any freedom to other producers to enter the market as the monopolist is enjoying monopoly power. There are strong barriers for new firms to enter. There are legal, technological, economic and natural obstacles, which may block the entry of new producers. †¢Firm and Industry: Under monopoly, there is no difference between a firm and an industry. As there is only one firm, that single firm constitutes the whole industry. Causes for Monopoly †¢Natural: A monopoly may arise on account of some natural causes. Some minerals are available only in certain regions. For example, South Africa has the monopoly of diamonds; nickel in the world is mostly available in Canada and oil in Middle East. This is natural monopoly. †¢Technical: Monopoly power may be enjoyed due to technical reasons. A firm may have control over raw materials, technical knowledge, special know-how, scientific secrets and formula that enable a monopolist to produce a commodity. e. g. , Coco Cola. †¢Legal: Monopoly power is achieved through patent rights, copyright and trade marks by the producers. This is called legal monopoly. †¢Large Amount of Capital: The manufacture of some goods requires a large amount of capital or lumpiness of capital. All firms cannot enter the field because they cannot afford to invest such a large amount of capital. This may give rise to monopoly. For example, iron and steel industry, railways, etc. †¢State: Government will have the sole right of producing and selling some goods. They are State monopolies. For example, we have public utilities like electricity and railways. These public utilities are undertaken by the State. Examples of Monopoly in Market In today’s Market monopoly does not exist today there is cut throat competition in all the fields but still there are few industries which have monopoly those are mentioned below. †¢Indian Railways †¢Airlines in India till liberalization. †¢OPEC ( A Group of Oil producing countries come together to form a organization and rule market) †¢Microsoft (An Information Technology Firm) †¢Monopoly can also exist within Pharmaceutical companies where when one gets patent rights they are the only company producing the medicine and no one else can produce. Here above we saw example of Microsoft. Microsoft is a company that produces Operating System for computers which is the only graphical user interface between machine and human. There are other companies also like MAC. But as per patent they only work for Apple. Where as all other computer manufacturer are left with only option as Microsoft and its product. This is how Microsoft is under Monopolistic Condition and Market circumstances. And above mentioned all the characteristic can also be related to the example of monopoly. Today we have seen that Microsoft is a multi Billion Dollar Multinational company. This has grown over a period of time just because of its monopoly and very less competitors. This tells us the Different ways by which a monopoly power of the company can grow. And company can make very good amount of profits.

Media and Communication Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Media and Communication Theories - Essay Example Development of the internet and personal computing during the 70s, invention of Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) during the late 80s further stimulated a trend towards new media (Friedman 2006). Widespread usage of the internet in the early 90s, and a wide range of other related technological breakthroughs led to the creation of new media (Friedman 2006). New Media offered features that were practically unimaginable and unheard of just a decade ago (Friedman 2006). The hallmark of new media is that it has the potential and the capacity to bridge the seemingly incompatible features of the earlier communications media. Many experts tend to convey that new media is inherently democratic in all its aspects, be it consumption or production. It has enabled the masses and the consumers to actively engage with media and has armed them with the power to alter and shape media. There is no denying the fact that new media has certain inbuilt traits and abilities, which make it inherently mor e open, free and accessible. Yet, to claim that new media is fool proof democratic and immune to manipulation and distortion would be asking for too much. New media, like the previous media is sensitive and vulnerable to ideas and ideologies, and autocracy and totalitarianism are as rampant and existent ideas in the 21st century as democracy and liberty. 2.0 Democracy in the Age of New MediaNew media became realistically became universally accessible, courtesy the spread of the internet aided communication in the 90s. Considering this, the expert and the popular opinion stood to be unanimous in the sense that it expected new media to usher in an era of affordable production and distribution of information (Turkle 1995). Thereby new media tends to be essentially egalitarian and democratic in its scope (Turkle 1995). During the early stages of new media, a majority of the people were of the view that new media will demolish the monopoly of the established media houses and the restraining designs of the autocratic rgimes (Longford & Patten 2007). This will enable the people and the civil society groups to act and operate as independent broadcasters and publishers. Everybody expected that new media would usher in an era of interactive and democratic mass communication. New media will enable the masses to

Choose an American film made in the period since 1945 which, in your Essay

Choose an American film made in the period since 1945 which, in your view, can legitimately be described as 'popular' - Essay Example This essay will be exploring some of the textual and contextual criticism on this film. It will also examine the role or place for this film in a social, cultural and industrial context. Let us begin with a brief overview of film history from the mid 1940's up through the late nineties, when Titanic was introduced. During the 1940's, film evolved in a newly post war time and the genre of film noir began. During the 1950's post classical age in film, the introduction of television challenged the idea of film as it had been known. The 1960's brought with it the genesis of independent film which threatened the system of big Hollywood film. It was not until the 1970's that the term and idea of "blockbuster" was invented. By this time, the "new wave" of film was in place and the idea of cinema was changing. The 1980's kept the new idea of "blockbuster" alive with the introduction of teen based films (Breakfast Club, Saint Elmo's Fire). It was not until the 1990's that computer animation was alive and prominent in mainstream films. The movie Titanic arrived as not only a film using then, cutting edge computer animation but also an enormous (one of the largest in film history, a whopping $200 million USD) budget. Prior to this time period, big budget film was not as prominent. As an audience member to a showing of Titanic, one could watch a computer animated version of the famous ship ( The Titanic), slowly sink over a 2 hour period, bottom first followed by the full erecting of the ship in the Atlantic and finally the virtual sinking of the very ship that was never supposed to sink. This film is classified as historical drama or epic film, by most critics. An epic film or a historical drama (one in the same), can be defined as a historically based film that has been recreated and built upon fictionally. Usually, the use of powerful scoring and elaborate costumes can recreate a historical time or legend, so that the audience gains a sense of realism from the piece. In observing some criticism on the film, one critic says of Titanic"By deliberately adopting the stylistics of sentimentality in his screenplay, Cameron recalls yet another, less cynical time in Titanic. As with the golden age of Hollywood musicals or the 1950s-era films of Doris Day and Rock Hudson, Titanic eschews the irony of modernity and the narrative dislocation of post modernity in favor of yet another, more sentimentalized genre in which good inevitably wins out over evil, heroes invariably overcome class barriers, and lovers always find the means to endure despite harrowing odds" (Davis, Womack, 2001). This piece of criticism is referring to the film as viewing a "less cynical time" when that is really untrue. The essential conflict of the film, aside from the immanently sinking ship, is that the newly love stricken Jack (Leonardo DiCaprio) and Rose (Kate Winslet) cannot be together but, due to their class differences, and Rose's engagement to another man, they are unable t o be together. Certainly, if there is any truth to the circumstances of Jack and Rose, the entire time period was more than cynical. They were kept apart because one had financial means and social status while the other did not. The sentimentality observed by this critic is not necessarily pointing out a less than cynical time. Love, especially unrequited love is timeless and

Human Biological Systems, Co-ordination & Control Essay

Human Biological Systems, Co-ordination & Control - Essay Example Different Parts of the Nervous System The human nervous system includes three main parts. These are central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The CNS consists of brain and spinal cord while the other two are formed by neurons clusters known as ganglia. The brain is comprised of three major parts. The cerebrum controlling the human senses of touch etc, the cerebellum which controls coordination and balance and the brain stem that provides the linkage between brain and spinal cord as well as controls breathing, heartbeat and digestion. Spinal Cord is a tube consisting of neurons that move up the spine and links to the brain stem. The signals from the body parts are first conveyed to the spinal cord, from where they are either responded in case of autonomic responses or else are conveyed to the brain. 2. Types of Neurons The neurons or nerve cells are classified on the basis of their function as motor neurons, sensory neurons and inter- neurons. Motor neurons dispatch signals from the CNS to the other body parts. Thus carries a message that has been send by the CNS to generate an appropriate response, sensory neurons convey the external stimuli that triggered the nerve impulse to the CNS. These stimuli may be sense of taste, hearing, sight, smell, touch and pain. While inter neurons relay information among groups of neurons or neurons for information processing to occur within the brain in a similar way as computer’s logic circuits. They also convey information within the CNS. 3. Nerve Impulse Initiation Animals have various kinds of mechanical stimuli receptors. Each receptor begins nerve impulses within the sensory neurons on going thru a physical deformation introduced by an external stimulus like pressure, touch, stretching, sound waves and motion. A nerve impulse starts within a living cell by receptor cells. These all possess exceptional voltage-gated sodium channels, but are gated instead by the suitable stim ulus either directly or indirectly. For instance: In tongue the sodium channels are chemical-gated which opens the taste receptors on coming in contact with a particular food chemical while sodium channels in the inner ear hair cells are mechanically-gated that are disturbed by sound vibrations. In either case the right stimulus leads to the opening of sodium channel, leading the flow of sodium ions into the cell, causing membrane potential depolarization and ultimately influences the voltage-gated channels of sodium located nearby and initiates an action potential. Nerve impulses transmission Electrical transmission Neurons receive and send messages from and to one another and the body. This communication takes place via

Educational achievement and attainment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Educational achievement and attainment - Essay Example The relationship between gender and educational achievement/attainment is a complex and controversial one, especially at the vital early level of primary education (Richards, 1998). This analysis will consider the definition of gender, how it has changed over time with specific concentration on educational assumptions, the current policy developments which are underway that are attempting to alleviate concerns and an overall view of how gender actually does effect educational achievement. Some questions that will be considered are whether there are indeed innate differences in raw potential between the genders, whether differences are culturally/socially constructed and whether (and if) differences should be alleviated.First, the importance of primary education must be stressed. As Richards (1997) suggests, "the foundations in learning, thinking and feeling which it provides are essential for what comes later not only in schooling but also in life". This undeniable argument will unde rpin much of the discussion of gender. Second, what is gender The Oxford English Dictionary defines gender as "sexual identity, especially in relation to society or culture" and also "the condition of being female or male" (Oxford, 2007). The difference between a person's "sex" and their "gender" is an important one. Whether one is born male or female in a physical sense relates to "sex", whereas "gender" is a much wider - it is a construct of society in which especially when young, people are socialized into various norms for what it means to be 'male' or 'female', a 'boy' or a 'girl'. The distinction between gender and sex is vital, because while the vast majority of people naturally fall into the various biological imperatives of the sex that they are born into (the trans-gendered apart), gender roles are constructed by society and are more fluid/changeable (Sleeter, 2006). The traditional view of gender within British primary education fell into the constructs which were regarded as received truths so obvious that they need hardly be stated. Thus boys were regarded as 'good' at subjects such as Maths/Science, were expected to be the loudest socially, were more likely to get into fights and would be more likely to push themselves forward in class (Archer, 2003). Girls would be better at subjects such as English and languages. They were more likely to work cooperatively and in teams. They were less likely to get into fights (Archer, 2003). Before rejecting these stereotypes out of hand, they should be considered against actual evidence. Male human beings do tend to be more aggressive than females and are more likely to engage in violence at every age, including when primary children (Diamond, 2005). Males also tend to perform better on Maths/Science standardized tests than females (Baron-Cohen, 2003). Conversely, females have long been observed as being more cooperative and less prone to aggression than males within a variety of cultural contexts (Diamond, 2005). They also tend to score better on verbal tests than males (Baron-Cohen, 2003). As Baron-Cohen suggests, "the female brain is predominantly wired for empathy . . . the male brain is predominantly hard-wired for understanding and building systems" (2003). This is of course a highly controversial point of view, but one that seems to be based upon the overwhelming weight of empirical evidence. The words hard-wired are perhaps most important here. If the sex differences are indeed "hard-wired", leading to the various gender differences in both treatment within primary education and attainment/achievement, then little can be done to change them. But if, to stretch the computer metaphor, the differences between male and female are a form of software that can be adapted or even outright changed, then gender differences in educational outcomes may be more malleable. As human beings are mammals, and as all mammals exhibit clear differences in

Contemporary Management issue (Qasim) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Management issue (Qasim) - Essay Example Moral theory represents theories associated with ethics and morality. A theory generally represents a set of structured statements with a set of concepts. It represents a framework based on which individuals act in a reasonable manner. In other words, moral theories provide appropriate framework for thinking, discussing and finally, evaluating the moral issues in a specific and reasonable manner. It has been found in the past few decades that investigations related to marketing and business ethics have been incrementing significantly. The findings of such investigations state that administrative ethics in the entire marketing process of any organization is a significant issue. Marketing itself involves one vast picture. So, there are chances of loopholes that might lead to various unethical activities conducted by the organizations. It is essential for the businesses to maintain a standard code of ethics for avoiding arousal of any unethical activity in their operations. It is applic able in each and every aspect of the business including sale of products or services where the behaviour of a salesman is taken into consideration (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2009). Deregulation of the standard code of ethics in various industries has resulted in commitment of various unethical activities, which in turn have resulted in the increase of rivalry among the existing firms within the industry. The competitive pressure within industry, along with the uncertainty of business existence, has led to deregulation of business ethics by managers in organizations (Barnett, 2007; Boatright, 2000). A series of evidences show that many companies have deviated from their standard ethical conducts within last few decades. It is not possible for one buyer to identify all the purchasing criteria or purchasing variables, which gives scope to the marketers to conduct unethical activities at high rate (Carroll and Shabana, 2010). The organizations look for short-term profit and opt for unethic al activities. However, in long-term perspective, these activities severely affect their reputation. The organizations, which were being suspected of conducting their business operations in unethical manner, were suffering in legal terms. As already stated earlier, the businesses conduct these unethical activities in order to achieve short-term profit, whereas in long-term aspect, their reputation declines badly. The unethical activities are conducted by organizations in various manners. These unethical activities are conducted sometimes in order to mislead the customers and persuade them in their buying decisions (Curwen and Whalley, 2005). There are various other examples of carrying out unethical activities by the organizations such as, keeping the prices of the products high where the quality is inferior. This helps them in making short-term profit but the ultimate consequence is that the reputation of organizations gets hampered and they lose loyal customers (Friedman, 2004). T he case study deals with unethical activities conducted by the tobacco producing companies in United States. It represents how companies had neglected the standards set by the department of justice i.e. DOJ in United States. According to the district judge, if DOJ could prove that the big tobacco producing companies are performing deceptive activities for their short-term profit seeking purpose, then they would be strictly penalized

Public sector management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public sector management - Assignment Example The contributing factors for the rise in poverty are a lack of education, social participation, housing, health and access to the given services. These issues faced by the poor make them vulnerable to the crime along with the civil conflicts such as violence which cannot be restricted by the formal justice system (Government of Yukon, 2012). These issues of the society give rise to the need of poverty reduction policies which would help to ensure the better safety, security along with justice. With respect to the social justice and poverty reduction periphery, it can be stated that â€Å"People cannot be developed; they can only develop themselves† (Voipio, 2006). This implies that the poverty reduction is possible with the contribution of the people of the society and their positive attitudes of treating every individual equally. Moreover, the presence of social protection is of significance to reduce the level of poverty and improve wellbeing of the society by protecting peo ple from deprivation in order to lead decent life by reducing poverty (Garcia & Gruat, 2003). The aim of the study is to draft a plan to resolve a policy problem namely the issue of poverty reduction and social justice. Exploring the issues, challenges faced along with recommending strategies to mitigate the issues for better up gradation of the society will form the core of the discussion. One of the vital moral, social and political issues faced by the world is poverty at a large scale. Poverty causes various issues and hampers the economic condition of the country to a certain extent. This requires a reform and hence the countries are trying hard to reduce the level of poverty and improve social justice. According to the World Bank Group (2004), it is reflected that development agencies such as the Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have the conviction to enhance the living condition of the poor and create a

Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan Essay Example for Free

Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan Essay Thomas Hobbes’ â€Å"Leviathan† is one of the most influential socio-political works during his time, extending even up to contemporary times. I for one will not be surprised to know that, precisely because the book itself is widely read and contains thoughts which are uniquely presented. Other than being a ‘revolutionizing’ approach to view society and politics, the â€Å"Leviathan† also shares a new way of understanding the structure of the society. Hobbes’ argument essentially focuses on the presumption that human beings are selfish and hungry for power, desiring to preserve their lives away from the harms of the chaotic state of nature. If I lived during the time when the book was published, I certainly will be surprised to some extent after reading the book since those years were the years of strict conformity to the existing status quo among the nations. In the book, Hobbes speaks about a sovereign, a person who will make sure that the people in the society will be accorded their safety against the threats of others. This proves to be of help especially when in a chaotic state where people will not hesitate to harm others, or perhaps even kill, just to preserve their own lives. A ruler will have to make sure that, indeed, the security of the people will be preserved under all conditions. However, I find rather difficult for the people under the violence of the state of nature to arrive at the decision to have a specific leader. Given the dire conditions of that state, is it really possible to choose among them a leader without ever arriving at more violence precisely because each of them has desires to preserve their selves? This might be a possibility, I think, since a chaotic state might be very difficult to tame down, especially for a single person. Nevertheless, it seems that Hobbes answers this question by positing the idea that although humans are selfish and seek power, they still have fear for their lives, or that they have fear of a violent death. With this in mind, it may be pointed out that the fear of a violent death gives ample room for a chaotic state of nature to be managed in one way or another. But is fear of a violent death a necessary condition for the people to begin thinking of choosing a sovereign among their number? I think that this may not be the sole necessary condition precisely because fear of a violent death may only inhibit certain violent actions of humans in the state of nature. They may hinder themselves from killing others or from inflicting violence upon others, but this does not altogether extinguish their desire for power and the preservation of the self. In the end, the selfishness of humans will still take a large role in their lives and in their decisions. What if Thomas Hobbes is truly right when he argues that the fear of a violent death will cause humans to eventually enter into a social contract and choose a sovereign? It may only mean that humans are compelled to enter into a social contract because their desire to preserve their welfare overrides their desire for power. But if the sovereign has already been elected, will the sovereign not resort to a dictatorial type of leadership given that the sovereign has the highest power in the state? I believe the chosen sovereign may have the tendencies of putting up a dictatorial regime simply because he still has that desire for power and that to secure the leader’s position in the state, the leader will have to make certain that there will be no possibility of a power-grab. Since the sovereign now has higher powers in the state above everybody else, it will not be difficult for the sovereign to eventually declare a dictatorial rule so that the leader can deprive all those who will desire to replace him in his position the chances of doing so. It seems, then, that the dire circumstances during the state of nature still have certain trickles of influences in the state after the social contract. Reference Hobbes, T. (1997). Leviathan (1st Touchstone ed. ). New York, NY: Touchstone.

Audit Planning And Risk Assessment Accounting Essay

Audit Planning And Risk Assessment Accounting Essay Chapter 6 [LO1] The audit plan documents detailed information about audit procedures to be performed on the engagement. T [LO2] Scaling the audit refers to fitting the audit work into the proper context in terms of the engagements size, environment, and complexity. T [LO2] Statutory audits are required on all integrated audits performed in accordance with international accounting standards. F [LO2] An audit plan will be the same regardless of whether the client company outsources its financial activities to a service provider or conducts the activities in house. F [LO3] Materiality is a measure of magnitude; yet, it is affected by both quantitative and qualitative factors. T [LO3] Materiality is first set at the account balance level and is then aggregated to the financial statement level. F [LO4] The components of the fraud triangle include incentive, opportunity, and rationalization. T [LO5] A client companys new or modified accounting information system requires more audit effort to understand the new system and assess its design and operating effectiveness. T [LO5] An audit strategy will focus on going concern issues for a client company operating in an industry which has experienced a recent market downturn. T [LO6] Computers are the primary resources used on an audit. F [LO6] A highly effective audit would have all of its testing performed at an interim Øلن¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¤Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ © date. F [LO7] An IT specialist may be used to inspect systems documentation and perform other procedures for an audit engagement when the client company uses new, emerging technology. T [LO7] Preliminary time budget information is compared to actual time worked and is used for purposes of billing, performance evaluation, and future bidding. T [LO8] Auditors test the operating effectiveness of those controls that are intended to prevent and detect material misstatements. T [LO8] Tracing refers to looking at the supporting documentation for a recorded number. F [App.A] A principal auditor may share responsibility for an audit opinion when another auditor performs all of the audit procedures for subsidiary of the client company. T [App.A] For accounts that involve significant estimates, require a high degree of judgment, or are susceptible to management override of controls, a principal auditor may completely rely on the work of others in determining whether those accounts are materially misstated. F Multiple Choice [LO1] Planning is a continuous process that must occur throughout the audit engagement because (a) disconfirming information is likely to arise. (b) the audit committee is likely to point out flaws in the original audit plan. (c) all information affecting the audit occurs concurrently. (d) auditor skill levels are continuously fluctuating. A [LO1] Development of the audit strategy includes all of the following activities except (e) specifying the work that has to be performed. (f) specifying the timing of the work to be performed. (g) documenting an audit planning memorandum. (h) defining initial estimates of audit risk and materiality. C Risk assessment points the auditor to the important areas of the clients operations and financial statements in order to (i) understand important areas of the clients operations and financial statements. (j) identify potential problems. (k) determine what needs to be accomplished during the audit. (l) all of the above D LO1,2] Which of the following is not a consideration for an auditor while scaling the audit? (m) The client company has multiple locations throughout the region. (n) Another firm is responsible for auditing one of the clients out-of-town subsidiaries. (o) An outside service provider prepares all of the client companys payroll accounting records. (p) The client company plans to hire and develop employees so that it can prepare its payroll accounting records in-house within the next two years. D [LO2] An experienced audit team will begin planning the audit before it knows all the specific information about a particular client company because (q) experienced auditors know the general framework of what needs to be done on any audit. (r) auditors experienced in the clients industry understand the activities and risks of the industry, which gives them an understanding of the important financial statement accounts and ICFR areas. (s) auditors experienced with this client company have already gained quite a bit of information from the client acceptance or continuance processes. (t) all of the above D [LO2] Scaling the audit refers to (u) weighing the risks associated with the clients susceptibility Ù‚ØØ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ © to fraud. (v) preparing evidence for an outside service provider. (w)fitting the audit work to the specific characteristics of the client. (x) delivering products or services as contracted in the engagement letter. C [LO2] Deliverables refers to the (y) timing of the auditors acceptance of the client company. (z) products and services as contracted in the engagement letter. (aa)degree of correlation between the audit work to the specific characteristics of the client. (bb)auditors experience in the clients industry. B [LO2] The scope of the engagement depends upon all of the following considerations except the (cc) presentation of the clients accounting information. (dd) use and importance of IT to the clients activities and ICFR. (ee) ability to use audit evidence performed by the clients internal auditors. (ff) timing of the clients fiscal year-end. D [LO2] The scope of an audit teams work will be more extensive (gg) for a first year audit engagement as opposed to a continuing audit. (hh) when internal auditors perform work to be used as evidence by the external auditors. (ii) when a user companys auditor relies upon a report provided by an auditor of the service provider. (jj) for a company with effective entity-level controls. A [LO3] An internal control that is ineffective to the extent that it might not prevent the financial statements from being materially misstated is referred to as a (kk) significant risk (ll) substantive error (mm) material weakness (nn) tolerable misstatement C [LO3] Which of the following would not be an appropriate benchmark Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¬ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ © to use in setting financial statement-level materiality? (oo) a percentage of total revenue (pp) a percentage of total assets (qq) a percentage of current liabilities (rr) a percentage of profit from continuing operations C [LO3] The materiality threshold Ø ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ÃƒËœÃ‚ © for each account balance or class of transactions is called (ss) tolerable Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ © misstatement (tt) material assertion Ø ªÃƒËœÃ‚ £Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯ (uu) substantive rule of thumb (vv) account deficiency A [LO3] For purposes of an integrated audit, materiality is assessed within the context of users who have (ww) appropriate knowledge of business and economic activities (xx) an understanding that financial statements are prepared and audited to levels of materiality (yy) the ability to make appropriate economic decisions on the basis of information in the financial statements (zz) all of the above D [LO4] Which of the following is not an area of interest for anti-fraud controls? (aaa) journal entries and adjustments made in the end-of-period financial reporting process (bbb) related party transactions (ccc) auditor credentials وؠ«ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ ØلؠªÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¶ (ddd) significant management estimates C [LO4] An example of an incentive/pressure for fraudulent financial reporting risk factor is (eee) a threat to the client companys financial stability caused by rapid growth compared to that of other companies in the same industry. (fff) significant operations located across international borders in jurisdictions where differing business environments exist. (ggg) inadequate job applicant screening processes for employees with access to cash. (hhh) ineffective communication of the companys ethical standards by management. A [LO4] An example of an opportunity for misappropriation ØØ ®ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ³ of assets risk factor is (iii) compensation ØلؠªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¶ inconsistent Ø ºÃƒâ„¢Ã…  ÃƒËœÃ‚ ± Ù†¦ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ÃƒËœÃ‚ © with expectations. (jjj) lack of complete and timely reconciliations of assets. (kkk) managements practice of committing to creditors to achieve unrealistic forecasts. (lll) known history of violations of laws and regulations. B [LO5] Significant developments within the client that affect audit strategy include: (mmm) A change in ownership and/or capital structure has occurred. (nnn) Acquisitions or discontinued operations have recently occurred. (ooo) The accounting information systems have been modified. (ppp) All of the above D [LO5] Significant developments in the clients external environment that affect audit strategy include: (qqq) Industry competition has increased. (rrr) Acquisitions or discontinued operations have recently occurred. (sss) A change in ownership and/or capital structure has occurred. (ttt) All of the above A [LO5] Going concern issues may arise when: (uuu) Acquisitions or discontinued operations have recently occurred. (vvv) The accounting information systems have been modified. (www) The economy has negatively impacted the client company. (xxx) Changes in applicable accounting standards affect the client company. C [LO5] When audit clients acquire new, more sophisticated IT systems, (yyy) The audit strategy will not be impacted as long as the duties of accounting personnel are primarily unchanged. (zzz) Auditors with advanced IT knowledge may need to be added to the audit team. (aaaa) The design of internal controls will be considered ineffective until those new controls have been tested. (bbbb) The timing of the auditors procedures for reviewing interim financial statements will be accelerated. B [LO5] One of the first procedures performed by auditors during on-location audit work is the (cccc) Development of the firms audit strategy. (dddd) Preparation of the audit report. (eeee) Design of the audit plan. (ffff) Establishment of an understanding of the companys ICFR systems. D [LO5] Auditors may obtain information about a client company during other engagements conducted for the client such as (gggg) audits of a subsidiary or other related party entity. (hhhh) reviews of quarterly financial statements filed with the SEC. (iiii) examinations of information included in a registration statement. (jjjj) All of the above D [LO6] Which of the following would not be likely to participate in an audit planning meeting? (kkkk) The core audit engagement team. (llll) The audit teams tax manager (mmmm) The audit teams partner for IT (nnnn) The chair of the clients audit committee. D [LO6] Which of the following items are included in the audit planning meeting? (oooo) brainstorming about fraud risks (pppp) establishing responsibility for preparing the financial statements (qqqq) establishing responsibility for monitoring of internal controls (rrrr) preparing the engagement letter. A [LO6] Which of the following items would an audit engagement partner likely communicate with the members of his or her audit team during a planning meeting? (ssss) Responsibility for notifying appropriate individuals of any significant issues or difficulties encountered during the audit. (tttt) Identification of the type of audit report to be issued. (uuuu) The need to complete the quarterly review before communicating with any tax professionals assigned to the audit engagement. (vvvv) Responsibility for notifying the audit committee and internal auditors of the firms specific audit approach. [LO6] The audit planning meeting must (wwww) take place before the client acceptance decision is made. (xxxx) be attended by the entire core engagement team and the predecessor auditors. (yyyy) establish an understanding among the members of the audit team about the objectives of the audit. (zzzz) prepare the internal auditors for the work they will be asked to perform to supplement the auditors procedures. C [LO6] The document that presents all of the issues discussed as part of audit strategy is the (aaaaa) engagement letter (bbbbb) quarterly financial statements (ccccc) audit planning memo (ddddd) risk assessment memo C [LO6] Which of the following items in not typically documented in an audit planning memo? (eeeee) audit engagement objectives and deliverables (fffff) the auditors understanding of ICFR and IT systems (ggggg) planned use of the work of others during the audit (hhhhh) results of the quarterly review process D [LO6] What is the primary resource used on an audit engagement? (iiiii) the clients IT systems (jjjjj) the auditors IT systems (kkkkk) human resources of the audit firm (lllll) the clients internal auditors C [LO6] To properly instruct and review the work of audit team members, the supervising auditor must: (mmmmm) keep abreast of accounting and audit issues and manage differences of opinion among team members regarding audit findings. (nnnnn) obtain instruction from the chair of the audit committee regarding the objectives of the audit engagement. (ooooo) communicate with the predecessor auditor regarding differences of opinion regarding prior year audit findings. (ppppp) all of the above A [LO6] It is important for auditors to be on-location on the last day of the clients fiscal year when the client (qqqqq) operates a restaurant that does a considerable amount of business on New Years Eve. (rrrrr) has significant inventory activities such that the receipts and shipments of inventories at year-end should be observed. (sssss) relies upon electronic verification to indicate the timing of transactions. (ttttt) refuses to pay overtime rates for the audit team during its busy season. [LO6] Which of the following is not a valid reason for the performance of audit procedures at an interim date? (uuuuu) More time is available for management to correct problems identified by interim audit testing. (vvvvv) The client company does not retain the records that are needed as audit evidence through the year-end time frame. (wwwww) Most controls and transactions cannot be audited during busy season. (xxxxx) More time is available for the auditors to concentrate on problem areas, if needed. [LO6] If audit tests are performed at an interim date, supplemental audit evidence: (yyyyy) is not necessary because the same controls are assumed to be in place that resulted in the balances tested during interim. (zzzzz) is still needed regarding the account balances between the interim testing date and the end of the fiscal year. (aaaaaa) is obtained from the predecessor auditor, when needed to corroborate any changes in the clients ICFR systems. (bbbbbb) is the responsibility of the audit committee, as it would be inefficient for the auditors to focus on a single audit area during multiple time periods. [LO6] When audit tests are performed at an interim date, the auditor must (cccccc) obtain a letter from management to confirm the continued performance of internal controls and accuracy of the year-end balances. (dddddd) perform roll forward audit procedures to determine whether a control continued to perform the same way through year-end. (eeeeee) reconcile account balances tested at an interim date with the year-end balances in the same accounts. (ffffff) Both (b) and (c) [LO7] Which of the following is an example of a specialist who might assist an audit engagement team on a high-risk audit area? (gggggg) actuary (hhhhhh) banker (iiiiii) internal auditor (jjjjjj) tax accountant [LO7] An IT specialist may be involved in an audit engagement to assist with any of the following except (kkkkkk) inspecting systems documentation. (llllll) inquiring of company personnel about how the processes are carried out and how IT controls are designed. (mmmmmm) preparing the IT planning memo. (nnnnnn) planning the tests of IT controls. [LO7] Which of the following is not a relevant consideration in deciding whether an IT specialist is needed: (oooooo) the client companys capital structure (pppppp) the complexity of IT controls and systems (qqqqqq) the use of emerging technologies (rrrrrr) the use of data by multiple systems or processes [LO7] Audit firms use time budgets for (ssssss) indicating the amount of time expected for the various levels of auditors for each audit area. (tttttt) tracking and reporting time spent on each audit area. (uuuuuu) billing and bidding and future engagements. (vvvvvv) All of the above. [LO7] Time budgets are typically (wwwwww) approved by the audit committee (xxxxxx) detailed by areas of the audit (yyyyyy) signed by the predecessor auditor (zzzzzz) All of the above. [LO8] Auditors test the operating effectiveness of internal controls only if they (aaaaaaa) are effectively designed to prevent or detect material misstatements. (bbbbbbb) address multiple risk factors. (ccccccc) are applied in conjunction with other controls to address a single risk factor. (ddddddd) cause susceptibility to material misstatements. [LO8] Substantive audit procedures are performed so that the auditor may identify (eeeeeee) deficiencies in the design or operating effectiveness of internal controls. (fffffff) weaknesses in the effectiveness of the client companys audit committee. (ggggggg) material misstatements in the client companys financial statements. (hhhhhhh) Calculations and controls that mitigate the risk of fraud. [LO7] Which of the following is not a form of audit evidence? (iiiiiii) recalculation (jjjjjjj) reperformance (kkkkkkk) repetition (lllllll) inquiry [LO7] ICFR tests to provide evidence on whether the controls can be relied upon for the financial statement audit can be performed (mmmmmmm) only during year-end because they must be performed at the same time as financial statement audit procedures. (nnnnnnn) only during interim because they must be performed at the same time as financial statement audit procedures. (ooooooo) at any time the evidence is available, as long as the entire period of reliance is evaluated. (ppppppp) at any time after the substantive procedures have been completed, so that the opinion on financial statement misstatements is not superceded by the opinion on the effectiveness of controls. [LO8] Sufficient evidence may be provided without examining all of the transactions in an account balance is the auditor uses well-designed (qqqqqqq) sampling approaches (rrrrrrr) internal control procedures (sssssss) inspection techniques (ttttttt) assertions related to the fair presentation of account balances. [LO8] The nature, timing, and extent of audit needed audit tests will depend upon the answers to each of the following questions except TYPO / Grammar suggest deleting highlighted words (uuuuuuu) How could a material misstatement happen? (vvvvvvv) What internal controls has the client implemented to address potential misstatements? (wwwwwww) How might internal controls fail such that a material misstatement occurs? (xxxxxxx) How many times have material misstatements been undetected? [LO8] When inquiry, observation, and inspection are all used to trace a transaction as it is initiated, authorized, processed, and recorded, the process is called a(n) (yyyyyyy) inspection (zzzzzzz) walkthrough (aaaaaaaa) assertion (bbbbbbbb) analytical procedure [LO8] If an audit program calls for the auditor to interview the client about an important control activity, this is an example of which type of audit procedure? (cccccccc) reperformance (dddddddd) tracing (eeeeeeee) inspection (ffffffff) inquiry [App] Which of the following is not a form of evidence obtained through the auditors direct personal knowledge? (gggggggg) observation (hhhhhhhh) reperformance (iiiiiiii) inquiry (jjjjjjjj) inspection [App] A principal auditor may share responsibility for an audit opinion with (kkkkkkkk) another independent auditor who has performed a significant portion of the audit work. (llllllll) the clients internal audit staff, if they provide significant assistance to the audit team. (mmmmmmmm) a specialist who provides expert advice on the valuation of inventory. (nnnnnnnn) an attorney who provides expert advice on a pending legal matter. [App] Which of the following is not an indicator of competence that is relevant to an auditors evaluation of other individuals performing a portion of the audit work? (oooooooo) professional certification (pppppppp) professional experience (qqqqqqqq) level of education (rrrrrrrr) access to the board of directors [App] If internal auditors provide direct assistance to the external audit team, the independent external auditor must (ssssssss) reperform all of the work provided by the internal auditors. (tttttttt) supervise and evaluate the work performed by the internal auditors. (uuuuuuuu) refuse to issue an audit opinion, due to a lack of independence. (vvvvvvvv) indicate a division of responsibility in the performance of the audit. Matching [LO3] Following are the planning steps involved in considering materiality in a top-down approach to planning for tests of controls. Number the items in from 1 (top) through 6 (bottom) to indicate the proper top-down sequence of the steps. ___ Identify risks that could cause material misstatement of relevant assertions in a significant account. ___ Set financial statement level materiality ___ Design audit procedures addressing controls ___ Investigate controls addressing risks ___ Identify significant accounts ___ Determine relevant management assertions for significant accounts and set materiality at the account level Short-Answer Questions and Exercises [LO4] For each scenario below, indicate which element of the fraud triangle is present. (wwwwwwww) Large amounts of cash are on hand. (xxxxxxxx) Management failed to correct ICFR deficiencies in a timely manner. (yyyyyyyy) The organizational structure is complex and lines or authority are unclear. (zzzzzzzz) Future employee layoffs are expected. (aaaaaaaaa) Employee behavior suggests dissatisfaction with the company. (bbbbbbbbb) Restrictions on the auditor limit access to evidence. (ccccccccc) Management attempts to influence the scope of the audit work. (ddddddddd) Industry factors threaten the companys financial stability. (eeeeeeeee) Significant related party transactions are audited by another firm. (fffffffff) The personal financial situation of management is threatened. [LO6] Indicate the preferred timing during the audit process for performing each of the following procedures. Explain your choice. (ggggggggg) observing the clients physical inventory (hhhhhhhhh) testing of the operating effectiveness of ICFR (iiiiiiiii) observing the shipment and receipt of inventories (jjjjjjjjj) substantive testing of property and equipment account balances (kkkkkkkkk) roll forward procedures (lllllllll) testing of the design effectiveness of ICFR (mmmmmmmmm) examining adjustment made during the course of preparing the financial statements [LO8] What different audit procedures (forms of evidence) are appropriate for financial statement audits that are not applicable for testing of controls? [LO8] For each of the following audit procedures, indicate the type of evidence that is involved. (nnnnnnnnn) reading a sales contract (ooooooooo) determining whether a sales invoice is properly included in the sales journal (ppppppppp) communicating with management about changes in accounting personnel (qqqqqqqqq) watching the cashier perform the daily closing procedures (rrrrrrrrr) verifying the mathematical accuracy of discounts included on the sales invoice (sssssssss) verifying the accuracy of the sales journal by reference to a supporting shipping document and sales invoice (ttttttttt) receiving verification from an independent third party Suggested Solutions for Test Bank Questions Chapter 6 True/False T T F F T F T T T F F T T T F T F Multiple Choice a c d d d c b d a c c a d c a b d a c b d d d a a c c d c a b c b d a c a d b a c c c a d b d c a d b Matching 4,1,6,5,2,3 Short-Answer Questions and Exercises a. Large amounts of cash are on hand. Opportunities b. Management failed to correct ICFR deficiencies in a timely manner. Attitude/Rationalization c. The organizational structure is complex and lines or authority are unclear. Opportunities d. Future employee layoffs are expected. Incentives/Pressure e. Employee behavior suggests dissatisfaction with the company. Attitude/Rationalization f. Restrictions on the auditor limit access to evidence. Attitude/Rationalization g. Management attempts to influence the scope of the audit work. Attitude/Rationalization h. Industry factors threaten the companys financial stability. Incentives/Pressure i. Significant related party transactions are audited by another firm. Opportunities j. The personal financial situation of management is threatened. Incentives/Pressure k. observation of the clients physical inventory should be performed at the end of the clients fiscal year so that the financial statement balances can be verified. l. testing of the operating effectiveness of ICFR should be performed at interim, as internal controls are expected to be operating and subject to evaluation at any point. Also, the interim testing will provide time for the auditor to spend more time on related testing if problems are encountered, and management will have more time to remedy the problem before the end of the fiscal year. m. observation of the shipment and receipt of inventories should be performed at the end of the clients fiscal year so that the auditor can determine that the transactions were recorded in the proper period. n. substantive testing of property and equipment account balances should be performed during the year-end testing phase, as final account balances. However, it is also possible to audit these balances during an interim testing phase and later perform a roll forward to year-end. o. roll forward procedures must be performed during the year-end testing phase, as final account balances are needed in order to evaluate the change during the period from interim testing through the date of the clients fiscal year-end. p. testing of the design effectiveness of ICFR should be performed at interim for efficiency reasons. See b. above. q. examining adjustment made during the course of preparing the financial statements must be performed during year-end testing (after the financial statements have been prepared). Both tests of controls and substantive tests of financial statement account balances involve inquiries, inspection of documents, observation of operations, and reperformance of controls. However, the following additional procedures are available for audits of financial statements: i. inspection of tangible assets ii. external confirmations iii. recalculations iv. analytical procedures r. reading a sales contract inspection of documents s. determining whether a sales invoice is properly included in the sales journal inspection of documents; tracing t. communicating with management about changes in accounting personnel inquiry u. watching the cashier perform the daily closing procedures observation v. verifying the mathematical accuracy of discounts included on the sales invoice recalculation w. verifying the accuracy of the sales journal by reference to a supporting shipping document and sales invoice inspection of documents vouching x. receiving verification from an independent third party external confirmation

Life, Death, and Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein Essays

Life, Death, and Frankenstein Since I spent last weekend in Vancouver attending the funeral of a beloved aunt who died on Good Friday, you could say that I've been pondering a lot about death and dying lately. It didn't help either that I chose to bring my copy of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein with me to read on the plane rides there and back, seeing as this story deals with the creation of a new form of life and the deaths that result from it. Being in this rather morbid frame of mind, I decided for this commentary just to take a closer examination of life and death as contained within the kind of gothic narrative of this early science-fiction horror story. It's almost like a Yin-Yang pairing between the two: Victor controls the ability to create Life (an ability that is usually looked on as being feminine) through his scientific and medical knowledge, and the Creature controls the ability to create Death (an ability usually looked on as being masculine) through his incredible strength and physical abilities. But although the Yin-Yang of Taoist thought brings harmony to the universe, this pairing of light and dark brings nothing but destruction to those it touches. So, in Frankenstein, I suppose you could divide the death into two different categories, both centered around Victor: Life from Death, and Death from Life. "To examine the causes of life," Victor tells us through Captain Walton, "we must first have recourse to death." And so he does. After Victor discovers the secret to creating life (what it is we are never told, but if you're inclined to believe the various cinematic treatments of the story, it seems to involve lightening storms and complicated machines), he decides to put this to use and see if he can play... ...ankenberry Cereal available for sale, with cartoonish pictures of Boris Karloff smiling on the front. While they may hold opposing powers of Life and Death respectively, in the end, it is as though neither of these two characters is left with any life between them. Everyone Victor has loved is dead because of the attacks inflicted by his creation. The Creature is not accepted by society because of the appearance given to him by his creator. Neither of them having anything left to live for; they engage in a chase up to the high Arctic where the Creature and the body of his creator disappear into the night. With each of them trying to out-manoeuvre the other, each destroys what his opposite desires the most. In this Life from Death, nothing can lead a true existence. Works Cited: Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein (1818 ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1996.

The Alien Leader in the English Civil War: Examining Paradise Lost and The Blazing World :: Paradise lost Blazing World

The Alien Leader in the English Civil War: Examining Paradise Lost and The Blazing World Throughout history, many great conquerors and powerful leaders were aliens in their communities. Examples are Alexander the Great, who was Macedonian and led the Greeks, Josef Stalin, who was Georgian and later became dictator of the U.S.S.R., Adolf Hitler, the Austrian Fuhrer of Germany, and Napoleon Bonaparte, the Corsican nationalist conqueror in France. In two primary works of seventeenth century British literature, Paradise Lost and The Blazing World, John Milton and Margaret Cavendish both employ the device of the alien leader, but they employ these devices in different ways; which belie their thoughts on alien-ness and leadership, Milton being a Roundhead and Cavendish a Cavalier during the course of the English Civil War, however, while the historical and contemporary applications are fascinating, the textual analysis provides a strong basis in and of itself to theorize on their applications of the alien leader. Milton’s Satan is a leader of a familiar population in an alien place. Milton’s God[1] is a leader of a created population in a created place, but the population and the leader are wholly new to one another, thus making the leader alien to the people. Cavendish’s Empress, on the other hand, is an alien leader to a population familiar with their surroundings. When we examine these similarities and differences, we find two specific and important questions emerge: first, is the leader a more effective leader because he/she is alien? Second. does the leader like his/her alien state? To be an effective leader, obviously, one must first be a leader. One cannot be an effective or successful teacher if one has no students, nor can one be an effective communicator if no audience exists. In much the same way, a leader requires both a sphere—a king without a kingdom is no king--and followers. This may seem to be overly simple, but this understanding is often neglected when considering leadership, whether alien or familiar. Satan’s sphere was altered to enable him to lead. God had to create humans so he could lead them. The Empress was, like Satan, subjected to circumstances beyond her control which placed her into a different sphere with radically unusual followers. When Satan and his followers fall from heaven and descend into hell in Paradise Lost, Satan becomes the prince of Hell by default, as he was the wartime leader of the angels.

My Passion for Visual Arts and Web Design Essay -- Computer, Internet,

The term visual arts can have different meanings. To some it is a passion, to others it is just a job. To me it is just a new and growing hobby that I would love to turn into a passion and a job. Just recently I have been reunited with my love for art and design. When I was in 5th grade, I was put into an advanced drawing class against my will and I have grown to enjoy it and then became very good at drawing. Eventually I was exposed to the internet and web design. I found it very hard and quit. Recently my best friend started to become attatched with art and web design, which sparked the memory from when I used to enjoy art also. I decided that I should revive that passion for art that I had and use it to become a web designer. Web Design is almost like an art. It is the design of various information and services over the Internet. Luckily for businesses and customers, the information and services provided are done through the World Wide Web. As earlier mentioned, Web design is a form of art, meaning that art and organization are needed to form Web pages to fit particular business needs. Web sites have now progressed into a form of advertisements for most companies. This is where your Web design and art skills come into play. Also your knowledge of how the human eye travels across the page is very helpful meaning that you know what attracts people and makes them stop and look at your advertisement. This is why I want to pursue in visual arts to continue building upon my foundations and turn me into a professional designer. My goal is to become a web designer with a large variety of art knowledge to make my work on a professional level as well as shaping my art skills. In the graphic design field, my main goal is to learn how... ...rs that get the attention of teens can annoy older people and vise-versa. Colors might just be one of the most overlooked aspects of Graphic Design. This experience helped me make my decision because it enhanced my thirst for knowledge. Now knowing that I posses all the traits required to be a good graphic designer I want to pursue graphic design even more. After I realized that I want to take my art design computer talents into the real world to help bussinesses and my clients and in the end make money doing for what I enjoy. Im still interested in pursuing Graphic Design because its something I want to do and knowing more about it now, I want to be a graphic designer even more because companies also employ a lot of designers. There are still many things that I’m not prefect at and would love to enhance my abilities to be the best graphic designer I possibly can.

Econ 561 Profit Analysis Question 2 LO3 Essay

2-8(Key Question) With current technology, suppose a firm is producing 400 loaves of banana bread daily. Also, assume that the least-cost combination of resources in producing those loaves is 5 units of labor, 7 units of land, 2 units of capital, and 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability, selling at prices of $40, $60, $60, and $20, respectively. If the firm can sell these 400 units at $2 per unit, will it continue to produce banana bread? If this firm’s situation is typical for the other makers of banana bread, will resources flow to or away from this bakery good? Total Profits = Total Cost – Total Revenue Total Cost = Presource * Qresource and Total Revenue = Price * Qsold Total Cost = ($40 * 5 units of labor) + ($60 * 7 units of land) + ($60 * 2 units of capital) + ($20 * 1 unit of entrepreneurial ability) = $200 + $420 + $120 + $20 = $760. Total Revenue = $2 * 400 loaves of banana bread = $800. Total Profits = $800 – $760 = $40. The firm will continue to produce as it is earning economic profits. If this firm is typical of the banana bread industry, more resources will flow toward banana bread as other potential firms are attracted to the economic profits in the industry. 2-9 (Key Question) Assume that a business firm finds that its profit it greatest when it produces $40 worth of product A. Suppose also that each of the three techniques shown in the table on page 43 will produce the desired output. Resource Units Required Resource Price per unit of resource Technique 1 Technique 2 Technique 3 Labor Land Capital Entrepreneurial ability 4 a.With the resource prices shown, which technique will the firm choose? Why? Will production entail profit or losses? What will be the amount of profit or loss? Will the industry expand or contract? When will that expansion end? b.Assume now that a new technique, technique 4, is developed. It combines 2 units of labor, 2 of land, 6 of capital, and 3 of entrepreneurial ability. In view of the resource prices in the table, will the firm adopt the new technique? Explain your answer. c.Suppose that an increase in labor supply causes the price of labor to fall to $1.50 per unit, all other resource prices being unchanged. Which technique will the producer now choose? Explain. d.â€Å"The market system causes the economy to conserve most in the use of those resources that are particularly scarce in supply. Resources that are scarcest relative to the demand for them have  the highest prices. As a result, producers use these resources as sparingly as is possible.† Evaluate this state ment. Does your answer to part c, above, bear out this contention? Explain. (a)The firm will choose technique 2 because it produces the output at the least cost ($34 compared to $35 for techniques 1 and 3). Economic profit will be $6 (= $40 – $34), causing the industry to expand. Expansion in this industry will continue until prices decline to where total revenue equals total cost of $34 and no additional firms will want to enter the industry. (b)The firm will adopt technique 4 because its cost is now lowest at $32. (c)The firm will choose technique 1 because its cost is now lowest at $27.50. (d)The statement is logical. Increasing scarcity of a resource causes its price to rise. Firms ignoring higher resource prices will become high-cost producers. Firms switching to the less expensive inputs become lower-cost producers and earn higher profits than high-cost producers. The market system, therefore, forces producers to conserve on the use of highly scarce resources. Question 9c confirms this: Technique 1 was adopted because labor had become less expensive. 2‑10(Key Question) Some large hardware stores such as Home Depot boast of carrying as many as 20,000 different products in each store. What motivated the producers of those individuals to make them and offer them for sale? How did producers decide on the best combinations of resources to use? Who made these resources available, and why? Who decides whether these particular hardware products should continue to be produced and offered for sale? The quest for profit led firms to produce these goods. Producers looked for and found the least-cost combination of resources in producing their output. Resource suppliers, seeking income, made these resources available. Consumers, through their dollar votes, ultimately decide on what will continue to be produced.

Single-Sex Education

Term Paper April 2, 2010 Single-Sex Education Have you ever been sitting in a classroom and wondered what it would be like to have an entire class with just girls or just boys? What about an entire school? The drive for gender equity in American education occurred during the 1970’s and 1980’s, which was pushing coeducation forward. The Title IX legislation, passed by Congress in 1972, sharpened public awareness of equity issues that were related to gender.Public concerns about sexual freedom; a rise in unmarried–especially teenage– pregnancy; and the growth of sexually transmitted diseases led to a reconsideration of coeducational guidelines. In the late 1970’s, researchers began to note the higher levels of women academic achievements at single-sex colleges compared to coeducational institutions. In a 1992 published report, the American Association of University Women questioned whether or not coeducation was the best way to achieve the higher leve ls of accomplishments for young women.They claimed that women were more likely to be ignored in class discussions and subjects to threats of sexual harassment. Educational reformers were concerned about the low academic performances of young African-American males. They began to explore the possibility of all-male academies, to provide an environment that would be free of distractions in which these students could focus on achievements. (Rury, 2008) When tolled together, the numbers are not in favor of single-sex education because ninety-six percent of private schools are coeducational (Kennedy, 2010).Kennedy stated that only one point eight percent of girls and two point two percent of boys are educated in single-sex schools (2010). But this could be because out of the ninety-three thousand public schools in America, only two hundred and forty-one of them even offer single-sex classes (McNamara, 2006). According to CBS Evening news reporter, Melissa McNamara stated, â€Å"Three ye ars ago, Woodward Elementary near Orlando, Florida, separated boys and girls. The school's standardized test scores have jumped for both genders.After two years of same-sex classes, seventy-one percent of students beat the national average in reading, and seventy-nine percent beat it in math (2006). † The first academic source I found that directly relates to my topic is called â€Å"Effect of single-sex education on progress in GCSE,† written by Eva Malacova. A recent study found that boys in single-sex schools do better on average GCSE, while girls on total GCSE scores. If you do not know what GCSE is a public examination taken by sixteen year old school pupils in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland at the end of Year Eleven.Another study was done that showed boys performed better in single-sex grammar schools compared to their peers in mixed schools. Also lower ability boys did better in single-sex comprehensive schools than coeducational schools. (Malacova, 2007) A nother study that was done, reported that girls in single-sex independent schools achieve on average 0. 179 GCSE points more than those in coeducational independent schools for prior performance, but they achieved 0. 175 points lower progress on average for grammar schools. The same study also stated that boys in single-sex independent schools seem to achieve on average 0. 04 GCSE points more than boys attending coeducational independent schools, but they achieved 0. 273 points lower progress on average for grammar schools. In conclusion for this academic journal source, girls that attended single-sex independent schools achieve higher progress from GCSE when compared to peers in coeducational independent schools. It was the same for boys, as it said that boys in single-sex independent schools seem to achieve a higher mean GCSE score compared to their peers in coeducational independent schools. (Malacova, 2007)The second academic article I found was entitled â€Å"Single-sex school ing: is it simply a ‘class act’? † written by Georgina Tsolidis and Ian R. Dobson. They stated that single-sex education will not provide students with the full range of curriculum options, role models, and experience of each other, which make an easier successful social interest into future study and work. This source stated that the National Association for Single-Sex Public Education reported on a study by the National Foundation for Educational Research which discovered that both boys and girls did significantly better in single-sex schools than in mixed schools. Tsolidis ;amp; Dobson, 2006) The final academic journal source I found is, â€Å"Cross-school Mentoring: training and implementing a peer mentoring strategy† by Gill Pyatt. This journal talked about a mentoring program that United Kingdom has been using that started early 1980’s and then was later improved after Topping combined a variety of practices. The program has Year Seven students , ages eleven to twelve, from a United Kingdom inner-city girl’s school, get cross-mentored by Year Twelve, ages sixteen and seventeen years old, from another local girl’s school. (Pyatt, 2002)The Year Twelve girls had to go through a training program that lasted a total of twelve hours, to advance them for what was to come when they were start mentoring and throughout the mentoring program. The training consisted of listening skills which taught them to become better listeners, how to find solutions to the Year Seven girls’ problems, and confidentiality. The program also taught the Year Twelve girls how to look at it from the Year Seven girls’ perspectives and how to encourage the younger pupils to recognize and read moods of other people, adults and peers. Pyatt, 2002) After the training program the Year Twelve girls were introduced to the forty girls that they were going to mentor of Year Seven. The four Year Twelve girls mentored the five Year Seven g irls which occurred weekly, throughout the summer, for seven weeks for about a quarter of an hour on every occasion. As the autumn term came a new team of four mentors was recruited from the Year Twelve group and twenty new Year Seven students were chosen. (Pyatt, 2002)By the end of the autumn term it was agreed that the cross-mentoring program had been very helpful, beneficial, and was a complete success. The program benefitted both the Year Seven girls and Year Twelve girls. Especially the Year Seven girls though because they gained more self-confidence and had a more settled beginning to their new secondary stage of education. The current project was said to continue for years to come and there are plans to expand the mentoring strategy to include identified students from Year Eight and Year Nine. Pyatt, 2002) There are multiple sociological view points that a person could use to describe single-sex education. The first view point a person could use is the functionalistic view. T he functionalist theory could be applied to single-sex education because it limits the amounts of sexual temptations that normal coeducation high schools students have to deal with. This will then result in you getting a better grades because you will not have to worry about how pretty you look or how you can make yourself to look more sexually attractive.Furthermore males will not feel the urge to try to impress the women and to be physical fit and perfect. From both the male and female perspective, it reduces the amount of stress that normal coeducational high school students have to put up with. Single-sex education also provides fewer distractions that can be created by the students of the opposite sex, which can, in the end, increase your grades because you will be provided with a lot more opportunities to work harder and longer on your school work. The second view point a person could use is the conflict view.The conflict theory could be applied to single-sex education because usually only the people that are supplied with enough money and are well off are able to have their children attend to these schools. If you really think about it, how many people with money problems or of middle class have children that attend a single-sex school? Single-sex schools tend to be very pricey and cost way too much for people of middle class and below to afford. Usually only the rich are sent to these schools, which only enables well off people and students to usually only associate with other well off people or students.Another view point a person could use is from a religious view. A religious view point could be applied to single-sex education because it makes it easier to assist students to prolong their practice absence. This is because they are only attending school with students of the same gender so it limits their options of places to meet boys and to date. Single-sex schools also gives support to and helps with premarital sex. This is also because they are no t attending school with the opposite gender which enables them to focus more on other things such as academics, athletics, and other activities.In single-sex schools students that already have boyfriends or girlfriends will be less temped and will have fewer opportunities to be able to cheat on their boyfriend or girlfriend. The culture I selected was the United Kingdom. The similarity between the United Kingdom and the United States on the topic of single-sex education is an obvious fact, which is that students that attend the schools are the same. Another thing they have in common is that in both places the studies usually showed that single-sex schools was the better choice because the boys and girls had higher test scores.The difference between the United States and the United Kingdom is the number practicing single-sex teaching has shot up in the United Kingdom in the last four years from seven to two-hundred-and-twenty-three. As opposed to the United Kingdom, in the United Sta tes the overall trend is in the opposite direction because in the last decade one-hundred-and-thirty independent schools that were single-sex schools have either become coeducational schools or closed down. In the state sector the number of single-sex schools has fallen in the past forty years from nearly two-thousand-five-hundred to just over four-hundred. Asthana, 2006) When I search the internet I found, and got the following information from Marian High School’s web page at marian. dev, an all girl school called Marian High School located in Northwest Omaha; it is the only Class A, college-prep school for girls.The school is also religious and says that it is committed to teaching and living the six core values, which are inspired by our sponsoring order, the Servants of Mary. At this school, the web page also said, you are enforced to wear a uniform which consists of either a uniform sweatshirt, Dennis hunter green top with he school’s logo, or club sweatshirt or shirt for the top. For the bottom half of the uniform you have to wear either a Dennis, black watch, plaid skirt or skort that is not shorter than the extended finger tips, zipped and not rolled at the waist or Dennis khaki slacks or khaki walking shorts that is not shorter than the extended finger tips. One way single-sex education is depicted into the media is through the television show â€Å"Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. † In the show all the children attend a single-sex school.This television show supports what I said earlier about how usually only the people who are well off are able to send their children to single-sex schools. In the show the dad, Phillip Banks, is very rich because he is a judge. In the show, it obviously demonstrates how rich the Banks are because they live in a mansion, have a pool, have a pool house, and even have a butler named Geoffrey Barbara. Another way single-sex education is depicted in the media is through â€Å"The Amy Oliver Show: Single-Sex Education. In this podcast it is mostly about encouraging single-sex education and talks about various topics. Some of the topics are the options, who should decide whether or not you go to a single-sex school, and Title IX and single-sex education. (Kasic, 2008) In my own views about single-sex education in light of the information I have just reviewed I found out that single-sex schools seem like the better choice when looking for a better education. Numbers obviously have proved my point about when separate girls and boys do better with their studies then when together.I do agree that, especially girls, sometimes focus more on how sexually attractive we are or how to look more attractive than we do on our school work, which I think is really sad. I also know that in school kids can get sexual temptations to want and feel the need to skip class to go screw around with a person of the opposite sex in the library or backstage or something. As for suggestions for social change that I would make if change seems to be needed, the only thing I could think of is to somehow have social events, like once a month or so, that included an all boy’s and all girl’s school.This way they will develop some type of social skills with the opposite sex without having to see them and trying to impress them every day. This way they will not have to put up with the distractions the opposite sex causes for the other or the sexual temptations that normal coeducational high school students have to go through five days a week.

Response Paper to ‘What You Eat is Your Business’ By Radley Balko Essay

From the essay ‘What You Eat is Your Business’ by Radley Balko, he shows a strong opinion of what should be public knowledge and what should stay private. His determination on obesity not being public health makes people rethink what obesity is, the government’s part in it, and how to go about fixing it. Though Balko isn’t the only author with a strong belief on this subject, he stands out because of the way he captured the reader’s attention. He does this by challenging what people today believe is just common knowledge. Balko uses logos by giving the title for a TV special where policy makers, health specialists, and media are involved. Balko also mentions numerous senators and the president that also contributed to the cause of stopping obesity. By using logos and then stating ‘In other words, bringing government between you and your waistline’ it brings in the use of pathos. Instead of encouraging the use of many influential people on this problem, Balko does the opposite. It does work in bringing out emotions by causing people to think. When people think about this, they will either agree that government should be involved or they will lean towards Balko and think that obesity is a personal matter. Either way, the audience is likely to get upset with how the government is getting too nosey or how Balko makes them the enemy. The audience is more likely to lean towards what Balko is stating because of his bias opinion on the matter. The way he captures the audience is by bringing independence into his words: ‘For decades now, America’s health care system has been migrating toward socialism. Your well-being, shape, and condition have increasingly been deemed matters of â€Å"public health,† instead of matters of personal responsibility’. These sentences make people react because America is based off of independence; and if the audience starts to believe that their control of their own lives are slipping away, then they will fight against it. Though Balko does do a great job in getting people’s attention and making them lean closer to his side, he is bias. Balko enlarges the evils of public health, to where he doesn’t mention the positive sides of it. If he did mention how having public health has worked in at least one way, then what he states about the wrongs of it would have more logic and reason. People without a bias opinion on the matter look at both sides and weigh the pros and cons. So if he included something good about public health care then he would be more creditable for his essay. Balko’s essay is very interesting and motivating. From his writing, his best quality is capturing the audience’s attention. He captures the audience with his whole essay and keeps them reading by his opinion on the matter. To be a writer people believe that you need to have passion for what you write, and Balko certainly does. Work Cited: Balko, Radley. â€Å"What You Eat Is Your Business.† Cato Institute. N.p., 23 May 2004. Web. 18 Sept. 2013.

Central Evaluation Unit Essay

The XIII Directorate of the European Union has a Central Evaluation Unit (CEU) which is tasked with evaluation of applications for grants from academics under its â€Å"cooperation and foundations† scheme. This scheme distributed relatively small grants to fund cooperative research between universities in the EU. All applications were sent to the CEU’s processing unit (CEUPU) by university liaison officers (ULOs) who are based in around 150 universities. The process flow of the CEUPU can be shown in the following page. As can be seen, the turnaround time can be shortened even more if the checkers will have direct access to the ULOs and coordination done directly. This can be achieved by use of email with the secretaries just copy-furnished. Also, the document tracking can be automated so that everyone knows where the documents are at any given time, using the identifier code that has been established for each application. In all, the application will be handled by the following people: 1. The ULOs who receive it and send to CEU. 2. Receipt clerk that checks that forms are complete. 3. Coding staff – set up a unique identifier for the application, encodes the data in the system. 4. Senior secretary that assigns the application to the next available checker. 5. Checker assesses the application. Half of the time, there is a need for additional information or data, and this must be conveyed to the secretary. 6. Secretary sends a query to the ULO 7. ULO secures the info from the applicant and sends back to secretary 8. Secretary sends to checker assigned 9. Checker decides 10. Auditor composes and sends acceptance/rejection letter. The problem of the CEUPU process is that there are too many steps and people involved in the process. First, the process can be automated and the application documents scanned. Then, the file can be sent electronically to the checkers so that they can be evaluated. Direct communication by the checkers to the ULO can be made for any inquiries/ additional data needed. Auditors prepare the acceptance or rejection documents ULOs receive application for grants Additional info and requirements sent back Request letter sent File sent to secretary who then makes a request for the collection of any information missing or additional information required Yes NO Checker evaluates the application Decision is made by the checkers to accept or reject Additional information needed? Senior secretary of the checkers assigns file to the next available checker 8 receipts clerks check each application for completeness of all necessary forms Applications arrive from 150 ULOs, placed in the â€Å"in-tray† NO YES Pro forma front sheet attached to documents 2 clerks place identifier on the form and encode it into the information system COMPLETE?

The Carribiean Nations - Focusing on Haiti Essay

The Carribiean Nations - Focusing on Haiti - Essay Example To put it simply, the history of the European colonization in the Caribbean tends to be a saga of economic exploitation and repression. There is no denying the fact that the dynamics of the agricultural dependency of the Caribbean is closely linked to the colonization of the Caribbean by the Europeans. The Europeans to a great extent reconfigured the financial potential of the Caribbean by introducing the plantation system (Parry, Sherlock & Maingot 18). It goes without saying that the human dynamics introduced in these plantations by the Europeans also to a great extent shaped the dynamics of the social hierarchy in the Caribbean. The arrival of the Europeans in the Caribbean and the shaping of the socio-economic landscape of the Caribbean by them through conquests and invasions to a large extent diluted the essentially cohesive world of the indigenous people of the Caribbean. Before the European colonization, the Caribbean predominantly happened to be a secluded place on the globe, being home to a simple, but rich and multifaceted civilization, to a large extent insulated from the machinations rampant in the outside world. However, the advent of the Europeans in the Caribbean exposed the indigenous civilization and people to the outer world, thereby making them subservient to the trends gushing in from Europe, America and Africa. As the tentacles of the European colonization began to expand their span in the Caribbean to plunder the native wealth of the region, they also brought in their wake a system of social hierarchy that assigned a specific place and scope to an individual on the basis of one’s race and position in a well entrenched system of economic exploitation (Parry, Sherlock & Maingot 122). As it is known that with the advent of the Europeans there unfolded an era marked by a sharp decline in the indigenous population, on most of the islands comprising the Caribbean, this indeed created a problem for the European settlers, who were perpetual ly looking for viable sources of affordable and docile labor, so as to optimally exploit the natural resources inherent in the region (Parry, Sherlock & Maingot 17). The solution that the Europeans contrived for this death of local labor eventually translated into the import of slaves from Africa (Parry, Sherlock & Maingot 17). There is no denying the fact that the advent of first the Europeans and then the Africans in the Caribbean, wrought out an utter transformation of the societies of the Caribbean. To begin with, the Caribbean people ended up being victims to a hoard of deathly and debilitating diseases and epidemics like measles, dysentery, malaria and smallpox, introduced to these hitherto isolated lands by the Europeans and the Africans who arrived as slaves (Parry, Sherlock & Maingot 10). The social and political norms and organizations of the indigenous people were reinvented and restructured in the name of spreading the good news. Christianity emerged as the single most p otent shaping influence in the socio-political framework of this part of the world (Parry, Sherlock & Maingot 130). The simple lives of the native people and the imported African slaves were stringently regimented by slavery, plantation culture and other institutions introduced by the Europeans, whose intentions were primarily commercial and profit oriented in their approach. (Parry, Sherlock

Reflection Paper on Group Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper on Group Cases - Essay Example usiness practice to be operating without having a primary infrastructure as well as use of only a particular system to take care of all other necessary elements. Any company worth its salt should be equipped with an enterprise resource planning system (ERP) to ensure that its operations are carried out smoothly. This is because, without such an effective management system, a company’s business may be unable to coordinate its work across all functions, something that may lead to serious losses, even collapse of the business. The VTB case clearly illustrates this phenomenon and the company was in a terrible rush to make sure that it has its house in order just before peak seasons such as Christmas, Valentine’s Day as well as Mother’s Day. Secondly, I have learnt that it is good to always have a single centralised command from where an application can be run to manage the business functions.VTB for instance had a lot of complicated middleware as well as incompatible applications which did not provide the company with any benefits at all. Investment into a robust IT system therefore brings with it several benefits such as seamless working by eliminating lack of standard operating procedures, facilitating transfer and maintenance of information as well as allowing for strategic development of a firm’s information system. Information system therefore can be used as a tool for competitive advantage and can strategically be used to add value to a firm’s customer service by maximising the efficiency of the supply chain as well as solving operational constraints. The second case was that of IT outsourcing gone wrong. Clean & Cure, a multinational company had engaged the services of XperTrans; a provider of human resource outsourcing (HRO) to provide its services all over the world in 44 countries. However, this was never to be, and XperTrans encountered so many problems and finally had to engage a consultancy firm to bail them out. This is a case that really

Personal Development through Reflective Practice Essay

Personal Development through Reflective Practice - Essay Example The organisational structure for Outcomes UK Ltd is mainly controlled by the strategic director along with a number of secondary employees working under him. In the executive management group, officers have been assigned with the task of corporate management of the council, ensuring timely and regular meetings for discussion of current issues perceived to have a significant impact on the council and its services. The executive management has the responsibility of managing projects and other day-to-day activities in order to establish an entity that holds consistent values and views (NRC 2002). Their fixed responsibility lies in a number of tasks such as providing tactical advice and skillful plans to the council; making sure that policy objectives are effectively integrated within their services; managing the development of all strategies; providing information and establishing strong communication with councilors, managers, and staff members; supervising the working relationships between councilors and staff members; keeping watch over organisational values, attitudes, and structure; bringing together the council’s work with other organisations and establishing working relations; and handling resolution of conflicts. All these duties reflect Devlin’s (2006) assertion that executive management plays a major role in every action that the organisation takes. Often times, the members of the executive management group are handpicked by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) based on their individual strengths and the values that they have displayed. Those who can liv e up to the specific tasks assigned to executive management are selected. On the other hand, though much of the organisation’s responsibility lies upon this high ranking group, there is still a need for every member of the council to be involved in daily tasks for organisational goals to be successfully

By joining the European Union, the UK's doctrine of Parliamentary Essay

By joining the European Union, the UK's doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty has been considerably limited and changed, Discu - Essay Example The establishment of the European Union has weakened the traditional supremacy of the Parliament and affecting greatly the power sharing within the country. The current view of the powers of the Parliament is very different from the one that Dicey was talking about. Apart from the European Union, factors relating to the Human Rights Act of 1998 as well as the developments in the common law have greatly hampered the authority of the United Kingdom’s Parliamentary supremacy. The battle of supremacy has seen the parliament lose in some cases that were initially under its jurisdiction. In a case involving the oil giant, Trafigura and The Guardian newspaper in 2009, there was absolute non-adherence to the Bill of Rights as stipulated in the 1689 provision. The company was able to have the freedom of expression on parliamentary debates restricted to for several media platforms, The Guardian being one of them. This issue presented a test for parliamentary supremacy and its shakiness in the current forms. The fact that they were bent by a private organization brings situations where it is likely that they can bend several rules for specific interests courtesy of the provisions of the European Union Law. ... Another case that demonstrates the authority of the European Union over the United Kingdom Parliament was the one involving Van Gend En Loos3. The court ruled that â€Å"the member States have limited their sovereign rights, and albeit within limited fields, have created a body of law which binds both nationals and themselves†. This means that the country’s systems are inferior to those of the ones by the European Union. In its actual terms, the ruling provides that there is no law among the member sates that is capable of surpassing that of the European Union, the same applies to the institutions of the Union as opposed to those of the regional block. The law is becoming superior in diverse ways with several in-country as well as regional cases being given the European Union interpretation of the law. The European Community Act is a very important legal tool as far as the supremacy of the European Union is concerned. Passed in 1972, the law in section 2 has a provision requiring that all the preexisting statutes and the ones to be enacted must and should abide by the European Union Law, a situation that binds the United Kingdom Parliament to adherence with the directives of the law. This means that the Diceyian view of the supremacy of the Parliament is completely eroded, apart from being challenged by the successive parliaments; an Act of Parliament can be challenged by the European Law effectively. Section 3 of the 1972 Act provides that the decisions of the European Union Court of Justice binds all the tribunals and courts, this includes the United Kingdom’s parliament. Other treaties have been enacted crippling further the role of the United States Parliament, the most recent is the Treaty